>h SrSSKrSSKJr SSKJr SSKJrJ r SSK J r J r SSK Jr SSKJr SS jrSS jrS rS rS rSrSSjrSSjrSSjrSSjrS SjrS!SjrS"SjrS#SjrS$SjrS%Sjr S&Sjr!g)'zM Created on Wed Mar 18 10:33:38 2020 Author: Josef Perktold License: BSD-3 N)stats) ncfdtrinc)ncf_cdfncf_ppf) TrimmedMeanscale_transformHolder) HolderTuplec[R"U5nURSn[R"U5S:Xa[R"U5U-nUR 5nUS:XaP[R"U5S:XaUnO1[R"U5nUS- U-R 5Xe- - nUnX!- nUR 5n X- n X-n [R "XU - S-5Xd- - n UR5S:XaUnUR 5n X- n X-n SX&- - U-R 5n SX U - S--R 5-nX-nUSX&- - R 5-U- n US- nU S-US-R 5X&- U-R 5S--SX&- US--R 5-- - nU UU- -n U $)a Effect size corresponding to Cohen's f = nc / nobs for oneway anova This contains adjustment for Welch and Brown-Forsythe Anova so that effect size can be used with FTestAnovaPower. Parameters ---------- means : array_like Mean of samples to be compared vars_ : float or array_like Residual (within) variance of each sample or pooled If ``vars_`` is scalar, then it is interpreted as pooled variance that is the same for all samples, ``use_var`` will be ignored. Otherwise, the variances are used depending on the ``use_var`` keyword. nobs : int or array_like Number of observations for the samples. If nobs is scalar, then it is assumed that all samples have the same number ``nobs`` of observation, i.e. a balanced sample case. Otherwise, statistics will be weighted corresponding to nobs. Only relative sizes are relevant, any proportional change to nobs does not change the effect size. use_var : {"unequal", "equal", "bf"} If ``use_var`` is "unequal", then the variances can differ across samples and the effect size for Welch anova will be computed. ddof_between : int Degrees of freedom correction for the weighted between sum of squares. The denominator is ``nobs_total - ddof_between`` This can be used to match differences across reference literature. Returns ------- f2 : float Effect size corresponding to squared Cohen's f, which is also equal to the noncentrality divided by total number of observations. Notes ----- This currently handles the following cases for oneway anova - balanced sample with homoscedastic variances - samples with different number of observations and with homoscedastic variances - samples with different number of observations and with heteroskedastic variances. This corresponds to Welch anova In the case of "unequal" and "bf" methods for unequal variances, the effect sizes do not directly correspond to the test statistic in Anova. Both have correction terms dropped or added, so the effect sizes match up with using FTestAnovaPower. If all variances are equal, then all three methods result in the same effect size. If variances are unequal, then the three methods produce small differences in effect size. Note, the effect size and power computation for BF Anova was not found in the literature. The correction terms were added so that FTestAnovaPower provides a good approximation to the power. Status: experimental We might add additional returns, if those are needed to support power and sample size applications. Examples -------- The following shows how to compute effect size and power for each of the three anova methods. The null hypothesis is that the means are equal which corresponds to a zero effect size. Under the alternative, means differ with two sample means at a distance delta from the mean. We assume the variance is the same under the null and alternative hypothesis. ``nobs`` for the samples defines the fraction of observations in the samples. ``nobs`` in the power method defines the total sample size. In simulations, the computed power for standard anova, i.e.``use_var="equal"`` overestimates the simulated power by a few percent. The equal variance assumption does not hold in this example. >>> from statsmodels.stats.oneway import effectsize_oneway >>> from statsmodels.stats.power import FTestAnovaPower >>> >>> nobs = np.array([10, 12, 13, 15]) >>> delta = 0.5 >>> means_alt = np.array([-1, 0, 0, 1]) * delta >>> vars_ = np.arange(1, len(means_alt) + 1) >>> >>> f2_alt = effectsize_oneway(means_alt, vars_, nobs, use_var="equal") >>> f2_alt 0.04581300813008131 >>> >>> kwds = {'effect_size': np.sqrt(f2_alt), 'nobs': 100, 'alpha': 0.05, ... 'k_groups': 4} >>> power = FTestAnovaPower().power(**kwds) >>> power 0.39165892158983273 >>> >>> f2_alt = effectsize_oneway(means_alt, vars_, nobs, use_var="unequal") >>> f2_alt 0.060640138408304504 >>> >>> kwds['effect_size'] = np.sqrt(f2_alt) >>> power = FTestAnovaPower().power(**kwds) >>> power 0.5047366512800622 >>> >>> f2_alt = effectsize_oneway(means_alt, vars_, nobs, use_var="bf") >>> f2_alt 0.04391324307956788 >>> >>> kwds['effect_size'] = np.sqrt(f2_alt) >>> power = FTestAnovaPower().power(**kwds) >>> power 0.3765792117047725 requalbf?)npasarrayshapesizeonessumdotlower)meansvars_nobsuse_var ddof_betweenn_groupsnobs_t var_residweightsw_totalw_relmeanw_tf2tmp statisticdf_num2df_nums kC:\Users\julio\OneDrive\Documentos\Trabajo\Ideas Frescas\venv\Lib\site-packages\statsmodels/stats/oneway.pyeffectsize_onewayr,sj JJu E{{1~H wwt}wwx 4' XXZF' 775>Q IJJu%E(e+002f6GHIlGkkmG  EmG '/A- .&2G HB}}$++-!-T]"e+002$'/A!55::<<  "t},113 3f <Q,aE1H>>+ ME1668!;< q 8==??@A fw IcLUb SSSU- -- nO UbUSU- - n[XS9nU$)a/Convert squared effect sizes in f family f2 is signal to noise ratio, var_explained / var_residual eta2 is proportion of explained variance, var_explained / var_total uses the relationship: f2 = eta2 / (1 - eta2) Parameters ---------- f2 : None or float Squared Cohen's F effect size. If f2 is not None, then eta2 will be computed. eta2 : None or float Squared eta effect size. If f2 is None and eta2 is not None, then f2 is computed. Returns ------- res : Holder instance An instance of the Holder class with f2 and eta2 as attributes. r )r&eta2r )r&r/ress r+convert_effectsize_fsqur1s>2 ~ABJ  QX  B "C Jr-c Uup#X-U- nXDS-- nUS- XS-U- -- nXBU- - US-SU- -- nUS- XU- -- nXBU- - US-- n [XEXyUUS9$)a6Compute anova effect size from F-statistic This might be combined with convert_effectsize_fsqu Parameters ---------- f_stat : array_like Test statistic of an F-test df : tuple degrees of freedom ``df = (df1, df2)`` where - df1 : numerator degrees of freedom, number of constraints - df2 : denominator degrees of freedom, df_resid Returns ------- res : Holder instance This instance contains effect size measures f2, eta2, omega2 and eps2 as attributes. Notes ----- This uses the following definitions: - f2 = f_stat * df1 / df2 - eta2 = f2 / (f2 + 1) - omega2 = (f2 - df1 / df2) / (f2 + 2) - eps2 = (f2 - df1 / df2) / (f2 + 1) This differs from effect size measures in other function which define ``f2 = f_stat * df1 / nobs`` or an equivalent expression for power computation. The noncentrality index for the hypothesis test is in those cases given by ``nc = f_stat * df1``. Currently omega2 and eps2 are computed in two different ways. Those values agree for regular cases but can show different behavior in corner cases (e.g. zero division). r )r&r/omega2eps2eps2_omega2_r ) f_statdfdf1df2r&r/r6r3r5r4s r+_fstat2effectsizer;sPHC  B a=Dzfa367G9na!c'!1 2F aZF3Y. /E sNrAv &D R6E! ##r-cSU- US--nU$)aWConvert Wellek's effect size (sqrt) to Cohen's f-squared This computes the following effect size : f2 = 1 / n_groups * eps**2 Parameters ---------- eps : float or ndarray Wellek's effect size used in anova equivalence test n_groups : int Number of groups in oneway comparison Returns ------- f2 : effect size Cohen's f-squared r r)epsrr&s r+ wellek_to_f2r?s& XQ B Ir-c6[R"X-5nU$)ajConvert Cohen's f-squared to Wellek's effect size (sqrt) This computes the following effect size : eps = sqrt(n_groups * f2) Parameters ---------- f2 : float or ndarray Effect size Cohen's f-squared n_groups : int Number of groups in oneway comparison Returns ------- eps : float or ndarray Wellek's effect size used in anova equivalence test )rsqrt)r&rr>s r+ f2_to_wellekrB(s& ''(- C Jr-cXS- -U- nU$)aConvert F statistic to wellek's effect size eps squared This computes the following effect size : es = f_stat * (n_groups - 1) / nobs_mean Parameters ---------- f_stat : float or ndarray Test statistic of an F-test. n_groups : int Number of groups in oneway comparison nobs_mean : float or ndarray Average number of observations across groups. Returns ------- eps : float or ndarray Wellek's effect size used in anova equivalence test r r=)r7r nobs_meaness r+fstat_to_wellekrF?s, a< 9 ,B Ir-cTUupEUS;aUS- n[XESU- U/U5nU$[e)u Confidence interval for noncentrality parameter in F-test This does not yet handle non-negativity constraint on nc. Currently only two-sided alternative is supported. Parameters ---------- f_stat : float df : tuple degrees of freedom ``df = (df1, df2)`` where - df1 : numerator degrees of freedom, number of constraints - df2 : denominator degrees of freedom, df_resid alpha : float, default 0.05 alternative : {"two-sided"} Other alternatives have not been implements. Returns ------- float The end point of the confidence interval. Notes ----- The algorithm inverts the cdf of the noncentral F distribution with respect to the noncentrality parameters. See Steiger 2004 and references cited in it. References ---------- .. [1] Steiger, James H. 2004. “Beyond the F Test: Effect Size Confidence Intervals and Tests of Close Fit in the Analysis of Variance and Contrast Analysis.” Psychological Methods 9 (2): 164–82. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.9.2.164. See Also -------- confint_effectsize_oneway ) two-sided2stsrr )rNotImplementedError)r7r8alpha alternativer9r:alpha1scis r+confint_noncentralityrPYsDXHC//!) s!g+w!7 @ I"!r-c|UupEUcXE-S-n[XUS9nXc- n[US9nXtU- - US-SU- -- UlXhl[R "UR 5Ul[R "UR5Ul [R "UR US--U- 5Ul U$)a Confidence interval for effect size in oneway anova for F distribution This does not yet handle non-negativity constraint on nc. Currently only two-sided alternative is supported. Parameters ---------- f_stat : float df : tuple degrees of freedom ``df = (df1, df2)`` where - df1 : numerator degrees of freedom, number of constraints - df2 : denominator degrees of freedom, df_resid alpha : float, default 0.05 nobs : int, default None Returns ------- Holder Class with effect size and confidence attributes Notes ----- The confidence interval for the noncentrality parameter is obtained by inverting the cdf of the noncentral F distribution. Confidence intervals for other effect sizes are computed by endpoint transformation. R package ``effectsize`` does not compute the confidence intervals in the same way. Their confidence intervals can be replicated with >>> ci_nc = confint_noncentrality(f_stat, df1, df2, alpha=0.1) >>> ci_es = smo._fstat2effectsize(ci_nc / df1, df1, df2) See Also -------- confint_noncentrality r )rL)r&) rPr1 ci_omega2ci_ncrrAr&ci_fr/ci_etaci_f_corrected) r7r8rLrr9r:rSci_f2ci_ress r+confint_effectsize_onewayrYsTHC |y1} !&E :E LE $ .Fc )eai!c'.ABFL''&))$FKGGFKK(FMGGFIIq$9C$?@F Mr-cbUUS.nURS:wa [S5eUR5n[U5nUS:XaX!- n OUn U R5n X- n X-n [R "XU - S-5US- - n US- nUS:XaGSU - S-US- - R5US-S- - nU(aU SSUS- -U---n SSU-- nGO"US:Xa$US- U-R5Xx- - nX-n Xx- nOUS :XaSX'- - U-R5nSX U - S--R5-n X-n US- nUS-SX'- - S-US--US- - R5- nUS-US-R5X'- U-R5S--SX'- US--R5-- - n[ RRU UU5nUU4US 'UUS 'UUS 'O [S 5e[ RRXU5n[SU UUU4UUUUUUUS. UD6nU$)a Oneway Anova based on summary statistics Parameters ---------- means : array_like Mean of samples to be compared variances : float or array_like Residual (within) variance of each sample or pooled. If ``variances`` is scalar, then it is interpreted as pooled variance that is the same for all samples, ``use_var`` will be ignored. Otherwise, the variances are used depending on the ``use_var`` keyword. nobs : int or array_like Number of observations for the samples. If nobs is scalar, then it is assumed that all samples have the same number ``nobs`` of observation, i.e. a balanced sample case. Otherwise, statistics will be weighted corresponding to nobs. Only relative sizes are relevant, any proportional change to nobs does not change the effect size. use_var : {"unequal", "equal", "bf"} If ``use_var`` is "unequal", then the variances can differ across samples and the effect size for Welch anova will be computed. welch_correction : bool If this is false, then the Welch correction to the test statistic is not included. This allows the computation of an effect size measure that corresponds more closely to Cohen's f. info : not used yet Returns ------- res : results instance This includes `statistic` and `pvalue`. rwelch_correctionr z+data (means, ...) has to be one-dimensionalunequalrrg@rrr:r)pvalue2z2use_var is to be one of "unequal", "equal" or "bf") r(pvaluer8r*df_denomr rrrrr=) ndim ValueErrorrlenrrrfsfr )r variancesrrr\infooptionsr rr"r#r$r%r(r*r'r`r)pval2pvalr0s r+ anova_genericrksH"#3G zzQFGG XXZF5zH)"kkmG  EmGw1 45BGI ]F)E A~*//1Xq[1_E  Q(Q,/#55 5Ic? G qI%**,0AB $ DT]"i/446$'/A!55::<<  Q,6b4=0Q6&!^,/3ax9:=#%@aIN//1 MI5::<AB Q >CCEEFG 9gx8!8,$ " MNN 77::i 2D   ! (+#'#'!%   C Jr-c lUb-[R"U5nUVs/sH o`X:HPM nnO[[[RU55n[ UVs/sHoR S:gPM sn5(a [S5e[R"UVs/sHn[U5PM sn[5n US:Xah[R"UVs/sHoR5PM sn5n [R"UVs/sHoRSS9PM sn5n OUVs/sHn[X5PM n n[R"U V s/sHoRPM sn 5n [R"U V s/sH/n U RU R S- -U R"S- - PM1 sn 5n [R"U V s/sHoR"PM sn 5n [%XXUS9nU$s snfs snfs snfs snfs snfs snfs sn fs sn fs sn f)uOneway Anova This implements standard anova, Welch and Brown-Forsythe, and trimmed (Yuen) variants of those. Parameters ---------- data : tuple of array_like or DataFrame or Series Data for k independent samples, with k >= 2. The data can be provided as a tuple or list of arrays or in long format with outcome observations in ``data`` and group membership in ``groups``. groups : ndarray or Series If data is in long format, then groups is needed as indicator to which group or sample and observations belongs. use_var : {"unequal", "equal" or "bf"} `use_var` specified how to treat heteroscedasticity, unequal variance, across samples. Three approaches are available "unequal" : Variances are not assumed to be equal across samples. Heteroscedasticity is taken into account with Welch Anova and Satterthwaite-Welch degrees of freedom. This is the default. "equal" : Variances are assumed to be equal across samples. This is the standard Anova. "bf" : Variances are not assumed to be equal across samples. The method is Browne-Forsythe (1971) for testing equality of means with the corrected degrees of freedom by Merothra. The original BF degrees of freedom are available as additional attributes in the results instance, ``df_denom2`` and ``p_value2``. welch_correction : bool If this is false, then the Welch correction to the test statistic is not included. This allows the computation of an effect size measure that corresponds more closely to Cohen's f. trim_frac : float in [0, 0.5) Optional trimming for Anova with trimmed mean and winsorized variances. With the default trim_frac equal to zero, the oneway Anova statistics are computed without trimming. If `trim_frac` is larger than zero, then the largest and smallest observations in each sample are trimmed. The number of trimmed observations is the fraction of number of observations in the sample truncated to the next lower integer. `trim_frac` has to be smaller than 0.5, however, if the fraction is so large that there are not enough observations left over, then `nan` will be returned. Returns ------- res : results instance The returned HolderTuple instance has the following main attributes and some additional information in other attributes. statistic : float Test statistic for k-sample mean comparison which is approximately F-distributed. pvalue : float If ``use_var="bf"``, then the p-value is based on corrected degrees of freedom following Mehrotra 1997. pvalue2 : float This is the p-value based on degrees of freedom as in Brown-Forsythe 1974 and is only available if ``use_var="bf"``. df = (df_denom, df_num) : tuple of floats Degreeds of freedom for the F-distribution depend on ``use_var``. If ``use_var="bf"``, then `df_denom` is for Mehrotra p-values `df_denom2` is available for Brown-Forsythe 1974 p-values. `df_num` is the same numerator degrees of freedom for both p-values. Notes ----- Welch's anova is correctly sized (not liberal or conservative) in smaller samples if the distribution of the samples is not very far away from the normal distribution. The test can become liberal if the data is strongly skewed. Welch's Anova can also be correctly sized for discrete distributions with finite support, like Lickert scale data. The trimmed version is robust to many non-normal distributions, it stays correctly sized in many cases, and is more powerful in some cases with skewness or heavy tails. Trimming is currently based on the integer part of ``nobs * trim_frac``. The default might change to including fractional observations as in the original articles by Yuen. See Also -------- anova_generic References ---------- Brown, Morton B., and Alan B. Forsythe. 1974. “The Small Sample Behavior of Some Statistics Which Test the Equality of Several Means.” Technometrics 16 (1) (February 1): 129–132. doi:10.2307/1267501. Mehrotra, Devan V. 1997. “Improving the Brown-Forsythe Solution to the Generalized Behrens-Fisher Problem.” Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 26 (3): 1139–1145. doi:10.1080/03610919708813431. r z&data arrays have to be one-dimensionalr)ddofr[)runiquelistmapranyrarbarrayrcfloatmeanvarr mean_trimmedvar_winsorizedr nobs_reducedrk)datagroupsrr\ trim_fracuniquesuniargsxrrrtmstmr0s r+ anova_onewayr1sJ))F#/67wV]#w7 BJJ% &D  &AFFaK &''ABB 88T*TSVT*E 2D A~D1Dq&&(D126A%%Q%-67267$Q{1($7C8Cb//C89:=?:=B++rww{;??Q.0:=?@xx373R378 d)9 ;C J;8 '+ 2678?8s5H H!HHH4H"H'6H, H1c pUR5nXq- nUS:XaXS--n XS- -U- n Sn OUS;a Xs-n X- n Sn O [S5e[XTSUSU 5n US:Xa XS- -U- n O US;aX- n U W :n[XSUSU 5n[XSUSS 5n[ UUU U U UUUUU S 9 nU$) u~ Equivalence test for oneway anova (Wellek and extensions) This is an helper function when summary statistics are available. Use `equivalence_oneway` instead. The null hypothesis is that the means differ by more than `equiv_margin` in the anova distance measure. If the Null is rejected, then the data supports that means are equivalent, i.e. within a given distance. Parameters ---------- f_stat : float F-statistic n_groups : int Number of groups in oneway comparison. nobs : ndarray Array of number of observations in groups. equiv_margin : float Equivalence margin in terms of effect size. Effect size can be chosen with `margin_type`. default is squared Cohen's f. df : tuple degrees of freedom ``df = (df1, df2)`` where - df1 : numerator degrees of freedom, number of constraints - df2 : denominator degrees of freedom, df_resid alpha : float in (0, 1) Significance level for the hypothesis test. margin_type : "f2" or "wellek" Type of effect size used for equivalence margin. Returns ------- results : instance of HolderTuple class The two main attributes are test statistic `statistic` and p-value `pvalue`. Notes ----- Equivalence in this function is defined in terms of a squared distance measure similar to Mahalanobis distance. Alternative definitions for the oneway case are based on maximum difference between pairs of means or similar pairwise distances. The equivalence margin is used for the noncentrality parameter in the noncentral F distribution for the test statistic. In samples with unequal variances estimated using Welch or Brown-Forsythe Anova, the f-statistic depends on the unequal variances and corrections to the test statistic. This means that the equivalence margins are not fully comparable across methods for treating unequal variances. References ---------- Wellek, Stefan. 2010. Testing Statistical Hypotheses of Equivalence and Noninferiority. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Cribbie, Robert A., Chantal A. Arpin-Cribbie, and Jamie A. Gruman. 2009. “Tests of Equivalence for One-Way Independent Groups Designs.” The Journal of Experimental Education 78 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220970903224552. Jan, Show-Li, and Gwowen Shieh. 2019. “On the Extended Welch Test for Assessing Equivalence of Standardized Means.” Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research 0 (0): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/19466315.2019.1654915. wellekrr zWellek's psi_squaredr&fsqufsquaredzCohen's f_squared(`margin_type` should be "f2" or "wellek"rvIh%<=) r(r_ effectsizecrit_fcrit_esreject power_zeror8r7type_effectsize)rrbrrr )r7rr equiv_marginr8rL margin_typer rDnc_nullrErrrrpvpwrr0s r+equivalence_oneway_genericrs LXXZF!IhAo- !| $y 00 2 2' _-CDD UqE2a5' 2FhqL)I5 2 2/7lF A1w /B &Q%A .C !##%#!$#&5 C Jr-c [XUUUS9nURn[XRURXR SUS9n U $)a+ equivalence test for oneway anova (Wellek's Anova) The null hypothesis is that the means differ by more than `equiv_margin` in the anova distance measure. If the Null is rejected, then the data supports that means are equivalent, i.e. within a given distance. Parameters ---------- data : tuple of array_like or DataFrame or Series Data for k independent samples, with k >= 2. The data can be provided as a tuple or list of arrays or in long format with outcome observations in ``data`` and group membership in ``groups``. equiv_margin : float Equivalence margin in terms of effect size. Effect size can be chosen with `margin_type`. default is squared Cohen's f. groups : ndarray or Series If data is in long format, then groups is needed as indicator to which group or sample and observations belongs. use_var : {"unequal", "equal" or "bf"} `use_var` specified how to treat heteroscedasticity, unequal variance, across samples. Three approaches are available "unequal" : Variances are not assumed to be equal across samples. Heteroscedasticity is taken into account with Welch Anova and Satterthwaite-Welch degrees of freedom. This is the default. "equal" : Variances are assumed to be equal across samples. This is the standard Anova. "bf: Variances are not assumed to be equal across samples. The method is Browne-Forsythe (1971) for testing equality of means with the corrected degrees of freedom by Merothra. The original BF degrees of freedom are available as additional attributes in the results instance, ``df_denom2`` and ``p_value2``. welch_correction : bool If this is false, then the Welch correction to the test statistic is not included. This allows the computation of an effect size measure that corresponds more closely to Cohen's f. trim_frac : float in [0, 0.5) Optional trimming for Anova with trimmed mean and winsorized variances. With the default trim_frac equal to zero, the oneway Anova statistics are computed without trimming. If `trim_frac` is larger than zero, then the largest and smallest observations in each sample are trimmed. The number of trimmed observations is the fraction of number of observations in the sample truncated to the next lower integer. `trim_frac` has to be smaller than 0.5, however, if the fraction is so large that there are not enough observations left over, then `nan` will be returned. margin_type : "f2" or "wellek" Type of effect size used for equivalence margin, either squared Cohen's f or Wellek's psi. Default is "f2". Returns ------- results : instance of HolderTuple class The two main attributes are test statistic `statistic` and p-value `pvalue`. See Also -------- anova_oneway equivalence_scale_oneway rzrr\r{皙?rLr)rr(rrr r8) ryrrzrr\r{rres0r7r0s r+equivalence_onewayr%sMJ W)9"+ -D^^F $V]]DKK%177$1< >C Jr-c [XX#UUSS9nUR5U- nUnXS- -U- n [URUSUSXy-5n U $)aEmpirical power of oneway equivalence test This only returns post-hoc, empirical power. Warning: eps is currently effect size margin as defined as in Wellek, and not the signal to noise ratio (Cohen's f family). Parameters ---------- f_stat : float F-statistic from oneway anova, used to compute empirical effect size n_groups : int Number of groups in oneway comparison. nobs : ndarray Array of number of observations in groups. eps : float Equivalence margin in terms of effect size given by Wellek's psi. df : tuple Degrees of freedom for F distribution. alpha : float in (0, 1) Significance level for the hypothesis test. Returns ------- pow : float Ex-post, post-hoc or empirical power at f-statistic of the equivalence test. rrr r)rrrr) r7rrr>r8rLr0rDfnesnpow_s r+_power_equivalence_oneway_empruse< %Vt"+0h HC X%I B 1  )C 3::r!ubeY_ =D Kr-c UcUc [S5eUS- X#- 4nUS:XaSnUS;aUnO8US:Xa'Uc [S5eX#- nXS--U- nXS--U- nO [S 5e[XTSUSX'-5n [XSUSX -5n U $) a Power of oneway equivalence test Parameters ---------- f2_alt : float Effect size, squared Cohen's f, under the alternative. equiv_margin : float Equivalence margin in terms of effect size. Effect size can be chosen with `margin_type`. default is squared Cohen's f. nobs_t : ndarray Total number of observations summed over all groups. n_groups : int Number of groups in oneway comparison. If margin_type is "wellek", then either ``n_groups`` or ``df`` has to be given. df : tuple Degrees of freedom for F distribution, ``df = (n_groups - 1, nobs_t - n_groups)`` alpha : float in (0, 1) Significance level for the hypothesis test. margin_type : "f2" or "wellek" Type of effect size used for equivalence margin, either squared Cohen's f or Wellek's psi. Default is "f2". Returns ------- pow_alt : float Power of the equivalence test at given equivalence effect size under the alternative. z(either df or n_groups has to be providedr rrrrz:If margin_type is wellek, then n_groups has to be providedrr)rbrr) f2_altrr rr8rLrf2_nullrD crit_f_marginpwr_alts r+power_equivalence_onewayrsD z  GH HlF- . {00   ./ /% Ao-6QY&/CDDEa5"Q%1ABMmUBqE6?CG Nr-c  Uc/SQnUb[R"U5nO[R"[U55nUR 5n [U5n /n /n /n /n[ U5GH6nS[ XU55unnnn/n/n/n/nUHn[UUUU/UUS9nURn[UXR5UURSUS9nURUR5 UU S- -U - nURU5 URUR5 URUR UR"UR$/5 M U RU5 U RU5 U RU5 URU5 GM9 [R&"U 5n [R&"U5n[R&"U 5n [R&"U 5n [)U UU U S9nU$)a9Simulate Power for oneway equivalence test (Wellek's Anova) This function is experimental and written to evaluate asymptotic power function. This function will change without backwards compatibility constraints. The only part that is stable is `pvalue` attribute in results. Effect size for equivalence margin )r]rrc3p# UH,upnX#[RRU5--v M. g7f)N)rrandomrandn).0nmstds r+ 4simulate_power_equivalence_oneway..s1E-CkqSBIIOOA$666-Cs46)rr{rrr )r7otherr_r)rrArrcrtrangeziprr(rrr8appendr_rextendrrrrr )rrrrk_mcr{ options_varrstdsrDrres_mcf_mc reject_mcother_mc_y0y1y2y3res_if_ireject_iother_iuvrr7res1 es_wellekr0s r+!simulate_power_equivalence_onewayrs0  wwu~wws5z" I4yH F DIH 4[E-0d-CEBBB RR 0"*35D^^F-fh .:DGG48:EGD LL %(Q,/);I JJy ! OODKK ( NNDKKtG H  e C" 7: ::d Dzz(#H ZZ F 9%I ! C Jr-c [[RU5nUVs/sHn[XbUUS9PM nn[ USUSUS9nXxlU$s snf)a Oneway Anova test for equal scale, variance or dispersion This hypothesis test performs a oneway anova test on transformed data and includes Levene and Brown-Forsythe tests for equal variances as special cases. Parameters ---------- data : tuple of array_like or DataFrame or Series Data for k independent samples, with k >= 2. The data can be provided as a tuple or list of arrays or in long format with outcome observations in ``data`` and group membership in ``groups``. method : {"unequal", "equal" or "bf"} How to treat heteroscedasticity across samples. This is used as `use_var` option in `anova_oneway` and refers to the variance of the transformed data, i.e. assumption is on 4th moment if squares are used as transform. Three approaches are available: "unequal" : Variances are not assumed to be equal across samples. Heteroscedasticity is taken into account with Welch Anova and Satterthwaite-Welch degrees of freedom. This is the default. "equal" : Variances are assumed to be equal across samples. This is the standard Anova. "bf" : Variances are not assumed to be equal across samples. The method is Browne-Forsythe (1971) for testing equality of means with the corrected degrees of freedom by Merothra. The original BF degrees of freedom are available as additional attributes in the results instance, ``df_denom2`` and ``p_value2``. center : "median", "mean", "trimmed" or float Statistic used for centering observations. If a float, then this value is used to center. Default is median. transform : "abs", "square" or callable Transformation for the centered observations. If a callable, then this function is called on the centered data. Default is absolute value. trim_frac_mean=0.1 : float in [0, 0.5) Trim fraction for the trimmed mean when `center` is "trimmed" trim_frac_anova : float in [0, 0.5) Optional trimming for Anova with trimmed mean and Winsorized variances. With the default trim_frac equal to zero, the oneway Anova statistics are computed without trimming. If `trim_frac` is larger than zero, then the largest and smallest observations in each sample are trimmed. see ``trim_frac`` option in `anova_oneway` Returns ------- res : results instance The returned HolderTuple instance has the following main attributes and some additional information in other attributes. statistic : float Test statistic for k-sample mean comparison which is approximately F-distributed. pvalue : float If ``method="bf"``, then the p-value is based on corrected degrees of freedom following Mehrotra 1997. pvalue2 : float This is the p-value based on degrees of freedom as in Brown-Forsythe 1974 and is only available if ``method="bf"``. df : (df_denom, df_num) Tuple containing degrees of freedom for the F-distribution depend on ``method``. If ``method="bf"``, then `df_denom` is for Mehrotra p-values `df_denom2` is available for Brown-Forsythe 1974 p-values. `df_num` is the same numerator degrees of freedom for both p-values. See Also -------- anova_oneway scale_transform center transformr{NTr)rprrrrdata_transformed) rymethodrrtrim_frac_meantrim_frac_anovarxxdr0s r+test_scale_onewayr!slZ rzz4 D>B D>B 1y%3 5>B D s4(, IC J  DsA c [[RU5nUVs/sHn[XsUUS9PM nn[ XUSUS9n XlU $s snf)a Oneway Anova test for equivalence of scale, variance or dispersion This hypothesis test performs a oneway equivalence anova test on transformed data. Note, the interpretation of the equivalence margin `equiv_margin` will depend on the transformation of the data. Transformations like absolute deviation are not scaled to correspond to the variance under normal distribution. Parameters ---------- data : tuple of array_like or DataFrame or Series Data for k independent samples, with k >= 2. The data can be provided as a tuple or list of arrays or in long format with outcome observations in ``data`` and group membership in ``groups``. equiv_margin : float Equivalence margin in terms of effect size. Effect size can be chosen with `margin_type`. default is squared Cohen's f. method : {"unequal", "equal" or "bf"} How to treat heteroscedasticity across samples. This is used as `use_var` option in `anova_oneway` and refers to the variance of the transformed data, i.e. assumption is on 4th moment if squares are used as transform. Three approaches are available: "unequal" : Variances are not assumed to be equal across samples. Heteroscedasticity is taken into account with Welch Anova and Satterthwaite-Welch degrees of freedom. This is the default. "equal" : Variances are assumed to be equal across samples. This is the standard Anova. "bf" : Variances are not assumed to be equal across samples. The method is Browne-Forsythe (1971) for testing equality of means with the corrected degrees of freedom by Merothra. The original BF degrees of freedom are available as additional attributes in the results instance, ``df_denom2`` and ``p_value2``. center : "median", "mean", "trimmed" or float Statistic used for centering observations. If a float, then this value is used to center. Default is median. transform : "abs", "square" or callable Transformation for the centered observations. If a callable, then this function is called on the centered data. Default is absolute value. trim_frac_mean : float in [0, 0.5) Trim fraction for the trimmed mean when `center` is "trimmed" trim_frac_anova : float in [0, 0.5) Optional trimming for Anova with trimmed mean and Winsorized variances. With the default trim_frac equal to zero, the oneway Anova statistics are computed without trimming. If `trim_frac` is larger than zero, then the largest and smallest observations in each sample are trimmed. see ``trim_frac`` option in `anova_oneway` Returns ------- results : instance of HolderTuple class The two main attributes are test statistic `statistic` and p-value `pvalue`. See Also -------- anova_oneway scale_transform equivalence_oneway rT)rr\r{)rprrrr x_transformed) ryrrrrrrrrr0s r+equivalence_scale_onewayrxsjH rzz4 D>B D>B 1y%3 5>B D S.2o OC J  DsA )r]r)NN)rrH)rN)r]TN)Nr]Tr)rr&)Nr]Trr&)r)NNrr&)NirNr&)rmedianabsg?)rrrrr)"__doc__numpyrscipyr scipy.specialrstatsmodels.stats.powerrr statsmodels.stats.robust_comparerrstatsmodels.tools.testingr statsmodels.stats.baser r,r1r;r?rBrFrPrYrkrrrrrrrrr=r-r+rs#5I,.`F F0#l..4-1&13l7t3<.2ePIMDP8<jZAJGKM`&REI>B=@HL;